【快速教程】120行代码理解双向数据绑定

提醒:本文发布于 1453 天前,文章内容可能 因技术时效性过期 或 被重新修改,请谨慎参考。

劫持对象属性的get/set特性是双向数据绑定的实现方式. 数据改变的时候, set中触发视图更新函数. 这种思路也就是常见的观察者模式. 手写双向数据绑定, 非常适合作为一道面试题, 它考察了 原型链/变量作用域/闭包/Dom/正则/设计模式等等知识点.

// minivue.js
function miniVue(options) {
this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el);
this.$data = options.data;
this.$methods = options.methods;
this.bindings = {}; // data中的某个数据有可能作用到好几个地方, 所以需要存起来用于之后遍历执行更新

this.observer(this.$data);
this.compile(this.$el);
}

miniVue.prototype = {
constructor:miniVue,
observer:function(data) {
for (var key in data) {
this.bindings[key] = [];

// 这个数组主要用途: 存储对应数据关联的dom节点信息
var arr = this.bindings[key];

// 抽离方法避免闭包问题
this.defineReactive(data,key,data[key],arr)
}
},
defineReactive:function(data,key,value,arr){
// Object.defineProperty执行之后, configurable, enumerble为false
Object.defineProperty(data, key, {
get() {
return value;
},
set(newVal) {
if (newVal !== value) {
value = newVal;
// 同步更新视图
arr.forEach((item)=> {
item.updateView();
})
}
}
})
},
compile:function(el) {
var nodes = ([]).slice.call(el.children);
for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
var node = nodes[i];
// if (node.children.length > 0){
// this.compile(node) //递归:防止目标元素有嵌套
// };
if (node.nodeType === 1 && !!node.childElementCount) { // 换一种判断
this.compile(node)
}

if (node.nodeType === 1 && !node.childElementCount && node.textContent.trim()) {
var v = this.textToExp(node.textContent);
this.recordRelativeDom(node,"innerText",v,this)
}

if (node.hasAttribute("v-model")) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute("v-model");
// 方法1: 优化闭包
node.addEventListener("input", ((i) => { // 因为闭包原因产生索引错乱,故用IIFE来优化
this.recordRelativeDom(node,"value",attrVal,this)
return () => {
this.$data[attrVal] = nodes[i].value;
}
})(i))

// 方法2: for循环的所有var改let
// this.bindings[attrVal].push(new Notify(node, "value", this, attrVal));
// node.addEventListener("input", () => {
// this.$data[attrVal] = node.value;
// })
}
if (node.hasAttribute("v-html")) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute("v-html");
this.recordRelativeDom(node,"innerHTML",attrVal,this)
}
if (node.hasAttribute("v-text")) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute("v-text");
this.recordRelativeDom(node,"innerText",attrVal,this)
}
if (node.hasAttribute("v-on:click")) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute("v-on:click");
node.addEventListener("click", this.$methods[attrVal].bind(this.$data)); //bind用于修正this
}
}
},
recordRelativeDom:function(node,attr,attrVal,vm){
var curData = this.bindings[attrVal]
if(curData){
curData.push(new Notify(node, attr, attrVal, vm));
}else{
console.log('变量'+attrVal+'没有被注册!');
}
},
textToExp:function(text){
var tar,
pieces = text.trim().split(/({{.+?}})/g);
pieces = pieces.map(piece => {
if (!!piece) {
tar = piece.replace(/^{{|}}$/g, '');
}
});
return tar.trim();
}
}

function Notify(el, attr, val, vm) {
this.el = el;
this.attr = attr;
this.val = val;
this.vm = vm;
this.updateView();
}

Notify.prototype = {
constructor:Notify,
updateView:function() {
this.el[this.attr] = this.vm.$data[this.val];
}
}
// index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>120行代码理解双向绑定原理</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>{{ ok }} </div>
<div>{{ didi }} </div>
<div v-html="msg"></div>
<div>
<div v-html="msg"></div>
</div>
<input type="button" value="加个!" v-on:click="click">
<input type="text" v-model="msg">
</div>
<script src="minivue.js"></script>
<script>
var vm = new miniVue({
el: "#app",
data: {
msg: "<span>hello miniVue</span>",
ok:'2333',
didi:"滴滴一下"
},
methods: {
click() {
this.msg += "!";
},
click1(){
this.ok+="?";
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

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