【快速教程】编写一个JS评论组件

提醒:本文发布于 1663 天前,文章内容可能 因技术时效性过期 或 被重新修改,请谨慎参考。

TOC
  1. 1. 前言
  2. 2. 效果
  3. 3. 大概需求
  4. 4. 源码
  5. 5. 其他

前言

当初在老东家搬砖的时候, 负责评论组件这一块的前端重构。刚好17年年中那会, 国家法律要求所有能够发表言论的地方, 都得接入实名制, 于是用了很久的”多说”,也不免中枪,挂了。本来想着自己要不用前后端都写了, 弄一套开源的评论系统好了,结果从离职后到现在种种忙活都没写完(自我检讨中)。

刚好前段时间用到LeanCloud这个还不错的产品(真没打广告), 继而发现了Valine这个评论组件, 接入了LeanCloud。

那我干嘛还自己写评论系统(反正后端没写完)?直接用Valine不香吗。不过既然也写了一部分,那也改造下,算是一个入门级别的评论组件编写教程吧.

另外说一句, Valine已经很完善了, 包括后面有人完善Valine-admin这样的辅助工具. 说这些也并非不建议大家重复造轮子. 只不过如果掌握了这个技能,就不要再做重复的事情。

效果

既然是demo,那只用ES6和css3开发, 只能用高级浏览器查看

大概需求

因为只有LeanCloud,没有自己的后台, 所以有些功能没法做(其实也不是没法做, 只是效果不好)

@k 评论原型

主要部分
1.评论框复用 //√
2.对用户输入进行转义 //√
3.评论数据结构复用 //√
4.异步加载样式表 // √
5.Ajax // 因为用了leancloud,所以直接用它的SDK
6.留言排序可选 // × 直接从旧到新
7. 基于localstorage存储网友的昵称/邮箱/网址
8. md5拼接邮箱生成头像 //基于gavatar
...

TODO
1. 留言点赞功能 //非限定次数(删除cookie依然可以点赞)
2. 用户登录/注册 // 要做吗?
3. 验证码 //需要后端配合
5.表情处理(类似新浪微博处理方式比较合理) //✘
6.楼层嵌套 //类似biliili
7.分页
8.楼层ID处理 // normal则不需要处理, 楼层嵌套则要过滤不含有targetFloor的cid

源码

麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。看了之后保证你也能写一个Valine了(正经脸)。

;(function(win,doc) {
// https://leancloud.cn/docs/leanstorage_guide-js.html
let CONFIG = {
dataBase:'CMT', //创建一个表名
avatarUrl:'https://cdn.v2ex.com/gravatar/', //默认头像 +md5(email)可做标识
sort:false, //默认新旧排序
replyType: 'normal',
cmtType:'textarea', //div, textarea
placeholder:"欢迎灌水",
lsPrefix:'CMT',
lsArr:['nick','email','link']
}

// 要存的数据结构
let cmtDataObj = {
comment: '', // 评论内容
nick: '游客', //昵称
email: '', //用户邮箱
link: '', //用户主页
ua: navigator.userAgent,
url: win.location.pathname.replace(/index\.(html|htm)/, ''),
captcha: 0,
like: 0,
dislike:0,
targetFloor:'' //存储回复楼层的ID
};



// 辅助模块
let Tool = {
formatDate(date,bool){
const padWithZeros = (vNumber, width) => {
let numAsString = vNumber.toString();
while (numAsString.length < width) {
numAsString = '0' + numAsString;
}
return numAsString;
}
let vDay = padWithZeros(date.getDate(), 2);
let vMonth = padWithZeros(date.getMonth() + 1, 2);
let vYear = padWithZeros(date.getFullYear(), 2);
if (bool) {
let vH = date.getHours();
let vM = date.getMinutes();
let vS = date.getSeconds();
function f(s){
return (''+s).length ==1? '0'+s : s;
}
return `${vYear}-${vMonth}-${vDay} ${f(vH)}:${f(vM)}:${f(vS)}`;
}else{
return `${vYear}-${vMonth}-${vDay}`;
}
},
// 格式化时间
formatTime(date){
let serTime = date.getTime();
let curTime = new Date().getTime();
let diff = curTime - serTime;
let day = Math.floor(diff / (24 * 3600 * 1000));
if (day === 0) {
let remainMsFromeH = diff % (24 * 3600 * 1000);
let hour = Math.floor(remainMsFromeH / (3600 * 1000));
if (hour === 0) {
let remainMsFromeM = remainMsFromeH % (3600 * 1000);
let minute = Math.floor(remainMsFromeM / (60 * 1000));
if (minute === 0) {
let remainMsFromeS = remainMsFromeM % (60 * 1000)
let second = Math.round(remainMsFromeS / 1000);
return second + ' 秒前';
}
return minute + ' 分钟前';
}
return hour + ' 小时前';
}
if (day < 1) {
return day + ' 天前';
} else {
return this.formatDate(date)
}
}
}

// 模板模块
let TPL={
mainView(){
return `
<div class="cmt-area cmt-postcomment">
<div class="cmt-area-hd">
<div class="cmt-area-tit">网友评论</div>
<div class="cmt-count-wrap">共有<span class="cmt-count">0</span>条评论</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cmt-content">
<ul class="cmt-list" id="JcmtList"></ul>
</div>
`
},
cmtFormTpl(bool){ //评论框模板
// div+contenteditable , 默认转义用户输入 ,textarea等,不会被转义,要过滤
let con = null;
if (CONFIG.cmtType=='div') {
con = '<div class="cmt-main-txtarea" contenteditable id="{{cmtId}}" placeholder="'+CONFIG.placeholder+'"></div>'
}else{
con = '<textarea class="cmt-main-txtarea" placeholder="'+CONFIG.placeholder+'" id="{{cmtId}}"></textarea>'
}
let hd = null;
if (!bool) {
hd =`<div class="cmt-login-area">
<input class="cmt-login-ipt" placeholder="昵 称" id="Jnick" data-name="nick"/>
<input class="cmt-login-ipt" placeholder="邮 箱" id="Jemail" data-name="email"/>
<input class="cmt-login-ipt" placeholder="个人网站" id="Jlink" data-name="link"/>
</div>`;
}else{
hd=''
}
return `
<div class="cmt-area-bd">
${hd}
<div class="cmt-main-txtarea-wrap">
${con}
</div>
</div>
<div class="cmt-area-ft">
<a class="btn cmt-main-txtarea-sbmt-btn" data-event="{{eventType}}">{{btnTxt}}</a>
</div>
`
},
cmtItemTpl(){ //评论数据模板
return `
<div class="cmt-user-avatar">
<a href="{{userCenter}}" class="user-center-link" target="_blank">
<img class="user-avatar-img" src="{{avatarUrl}}">
</a>
</div>
<div class="cmt-item-data-wrap" id="{{objectId}}" data-placeholder="{{userName}}">
<div class="cmt-item-data-hd">
<span class="cmt-item-data-floor">#{{floor}}</span>
<span class="cmt-item-data-user">{{userName}}</span>
<span class="cmt-item-data-time">{{createTime}}</span>
</div>
<p class="cmt-item-data">{{cmtData}}</p>
<div class="cmt-item-data-hd-ft">
<a class="cmt-item-reply-btn" data-event="reply" data-id="{{objectId}}">回复</a>
</div>
<ul class="reply-list" id="{{UlId}}">
<!--placeholder-->
</ul>
</div>
`},
}

// 主要逻辑
let CMT = {
init(configObj){
if (!configObj.el) {
console.log('缺少目标容器');
return;
}
if (!configObj.appId) {
console.log('请填写appId');
return;
}
if (!configObj.appKey) {
console.log('请填写appKey');
return;
}
if(typeof MD5=='undefined'){
this.MD5=function(str){return str};
}else{
this.MD5=MD5;
}
AV.init(configObj.appId, configObj.appKey);

this.el = document.querySelector(configObj.el);
// 渲染模板
this.buildTpl();
// 出所有评论
this.renderAllCmt();
// 绑定各种事件
this.bindEvent();
// 读取localstorage
this.fetchUserInfo();
},
buildTpl(){
this.generateMainView(); //主界面结构

this.generateForm({ // 生成主评论框
cmtId : 'JmainCmt',
eventType: 'postCmt',
btnTxt: '提交评论',
callBack:(newCmtEle)=>{
doc.querySelector('.cmt-postcomment').appendChild(newCmtEle);
}
});
},
generateReplyForm(cb){
this.generateForm({ // 生成回复框, 初始状态隐藏
cmtId : 'JreplyCmt',
eventType: 'postReply',
btnTxt: '提交回复',
hideLoginArea:true,
callBack:(newCmtEle)=>{
this.replyForm = newCmtEle.cloneNode(true);
cb && cb();
}
});
},
generateMainView(){
this.el.innerHTML = TPL.mainView()
},
generateForm(configObj){
let div = doc.createElement('div')
div.classList +='cmt-area-con';
div.innerHTML = TPL.cmtFormTpl(configObj.hideLoginArea)
.replace(/{{eventType}}/g,configObj.eventType)
.replace(/{{btnTxt}}/g,configObj.btnTxt)
.replace(/{{cmtId}}/g,configObj.cmtId);
configObj.callBack && configObj.callBack(div);
},
getData(el,name){
return el.getAttribute('data-'+name)
},
setData(el,name,val){
el.setAttribute('data-'+name,val)
},
setPlaceHolder(cmtEle){
if (CONFIG.replyType=='div') {
// div+css下不能动态更新placeholder
cmtEle.setAttribute('placeholder', '回复@'+this.placeholder+':')
}else{
cmtEle.placeholder = '回复@'+this.placeholder+':';
}
},
checkInput(cmtEle){
return CONFIG.cmtType=='div'? cmtEle.innerHTML.trim().length : cmtEle.value.trim().length;
},
setFocus(cmtEle){
cmtEle.focus();
if (CONFIG.cmtType=='div') {
let range = win.getSelection();
range.selectAllChildren(cmtEle);
range.collapseToEnd();
}
},
safeTxt(con){
return con.replace(/</ig, '&lt;').replace(/>/ig, '&gt;')
},
getContent(cmtEle) {
return this.getCleanText(cmtEle)
.replace(/</ig, '&lt;')
.replace(/>/ig, '&gt;');
},
randomID(prefix) {
return prefix + Math.random().toString(32).slice(2);
},
stripTags: function(el, tagName) {
let els = el.getElementsByTagName(tagName.toUpperCase());
for (let i = 0; i < els.length; i++) {
while (els[i].firstChild)
els[i].parentNode.insertBefore(els[i].removeChild(els[i].firstChild), els[i]);
els[i].parentNode.removeChild(els[i--]);
}
},
getCleanText(cmtEle) {
let ele = cmtEle;
let clone = ele.cloneNode(true);
let _v = null;
if(CONFIG.cmtType=='div'){
clone.innerHTML = this.html2txt(clone.innerHTML);
this.stripTags(clone, '*');
_v = clone.innerHTML.replace(/(?:\s|&nbsp;)*$/g, '');
}else{
clone.value = this.html2txt(clone.value);
this.stripTags(clone, '*');
_v = clone.value.replace(/(?:\s|&nbsp;)*$/g, '');
}
return _v;
},
html2txt(html) {
let res = html.replace(/&nbsp;/igm, ' ')
.replace(/(?:<br\s*\\?>)+/igm, '\n')
.replace(/<div>(.*?)<\/div>/igm, "\n$1")
.replace(/<p>(.*?)<\/p>/igm, "\n$1");
return res;
},
clearCmt(cmtEle){
if (CONFIG.cmtType=='div') {
cmtEle.innerHTML = ''
}else{
cmtEle.value = ''
}
},
renderCmt(configObj){
let ret = configObj.ret,
newInsert = configObj.newInsert;

let targetFloor = ret.get('targetFloor'),
hasTargetFloor =!!targetFloor,
_objectId = ret.get('objectId'), //留言id
con = decodeURIComponent(ret.get('comment')),
_floor = ret.cid.split('c')[1],
// 昵称,个人网址要记得防XSS
_email = ret.get('email'),
_nick = this.safeTxt(ret.get('nick')),
_link = ret.get('link'),
_time = Tool.formatTime(ret.get('createdAt'));

let _con = '', tpl = '',avatarUrl='';

if (!!_email) {
avatarUrl =CONFIG.avatarUrl+this.MD5(_email)+'?s=50&d=identicon';
}else{
avatarUrl = CONFIG.avatarUrl
}

if (hasTargetFloor) {
_con = '<i>@'+this.cache[targetFloor].get('nick')
+' #'+this.cache[targetFloor].cid.split('c')[1]
+' </i>'+con;
}else{
_con = con;
}

tpl = TPL.cmtItemTpl()
.replace(/{{objectId}}/g,_objectId)
.replace(/{{floor}}/g,_floor)
.replace(/{{userName}}/g,_nick)
.replace(/{{userCenter}}/g,(!!_link?this.safeTxt(_link):'javascript:;'))
.replace(/{{createTime}}/g,(newInsert?'刚刚':_time))
.replace(/{{cmtData}}/g,_con)
.replace(/{{avatarUrl}}/g,avatarUrl)

let ele = doc.createElement('li');
ele.classList ='cmt-item';
ele.innerHTML = tpl;
return ele;
},
getAllComments(cb){
let query = new AV.Query(CONFIG.dataBase);
// 根据页面URL(或者页面标题)来查找对应的评论
query.equalTo('url', cmtDataObj['url']);
if (CONFIG.sort) {
query.descending('createdAt'); //从新到旧
}else{
query.ascending('createdAt'); //从旧到新
}
query.find().then((ret)=>{
this.setCache(ret);
this.setCmtNum();
cb && cb(ret)
})
},
setCache(ret){
this.cache = {};
for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
this.cache[ret[i].id] = ret[i];
}
},
updateCache(obj){
this.cache[obj.id] = obj;
this._len = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.cache).length;
},
renderAllCmt(){
this.getAllComments((ret)=>{
if (CONFIG.replyType=='normal') {
let fragment = doc.createDocumentFragment();

for (let i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
fragment.appendChild(this.renderCmt({
ret:ret[i],
newInsert:false
}));
}
JcmtList.appendChild(fragment);
}
})
},
renderNewCmt(ret){
let li = this.renderCmt({
ret:ret,
newInsert:true
});

// 判断插入位置
function normalSort(parent){
if (CONFIG.sort) {
parent.prepend(li);
}else{
parent.appendChild(li);
}
}

normalSort(JcmtList);
},
setCmtNum(){
let ele = doc.querySelector('.cmt-count')
this._len = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.cache).length;
ele.innerHTML = this._len;
},
saveComment(sucess,fail){
let av = AV.Object.extend(CONFIG.dataBase);
let instance = new av();
for (let i in cmtDataObj) {
if (cmtDataObj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
let _v = cmtDataObj[i];
instance.set(i, _v);
}
}
instance.save().then((ret)=>{
this.updateCache(ret);
sucess && sucess(ret);
}, function (error) {
fail && fail(error);
});
},
postData(configObj){
let cmtEle = configObj.cmtEle,
sucess = configObj.sucess,
fail = configObj.fail;

let len = this.checkInput(cmtEle)
if (len==0) {
alert('请输入评论');
this.setFocus(cmtEle) //评论框
return !1;
}

let html = this.getContent(cmtEle);

cmtDataObj.comment = html; //挂载到数据包

// 读取最后的用户数据
for (let i = 0; i < CONFIG.lsArr.length; i++) {
let v = localStorage[CONFIG.lsPrefix+CONFIG.lsArr[i]];
if (!!v) {
cmtDataObj[CONFIG.lsArr[i]] = v;
}
}
cmtEle==JmainCmt && (cmtDataObj.targetFloor=''); // 主评论没有目标楼层

this.saveComment((ret)=>{
this.renderNewCmt(ret);
this.clearCmt(cmtEle);
this.setCmtNum();
sucess && sucess()
},(error)=>{
console.log(error)
fail && fail()
});
},
insertReplyForm(wrap){
this.lastId = wrap.id;
wrap.appendChild(this.replyForm);
this.setData(wrap,'status','1');
this.setPlaceHolder(JreplyCmt);
this.replyForm.style.display = 'block';
this.setFocus(JreplyCmt);
cmtDataObj.targetFloor = this.lastId;
},
removeReplyForm(cb){
let lastTarget = doc.getElementById(this.lastId)
this.setData(lastTarget,'status','0')
this.replyForm.style.display = 'none';
doc.getElementById(this.lastId).removeChild(this.replyForm);
cb && cb()
},
toggleReplyForm(wrap,isShowed){
if (isShowed == '1') {
this.setData(wrap,'status','0')
this.replyForm.style.display = 'none';
}else{
this.setData(wrap,'status','1')
this.setPlaceHolder(JreplyCmt)
this.replyForm.style.display = 'block';
this.setFocus(JreplyCmt);
}
},
fetchUserInfo(){
let lsArr = CONFIG.lsArr;
for (let i = 0; i < lsArr.length; i++) {
let ipt = doc.getElementById('J'+lsArr[i]);
ipt.value = localStorage.getItem(CONFIG.lsPrefix+lsArr[i]);
}
},
bindEvent(){
let clickHandler = (e)=>{
let target = e.target
let eventType = this.getData(target,'event');
switch(eventType){
case 'postCmt' :
this.postData({
cmtEle: JmainCmt,
sucess:()=>{},
fail:()=>{}
});
break;
case 'postReply' :
this.postData({
cmtEle:JreplyCmt,
sucess:()=>{
this.toggleReplyForm(doc.getElementById(this.lastId),'1');
},
fail:()=>{}
});
break;
case 'reply' :
let targetId = this.getData(target,'id'); // 按钮存储objectId
let wrap = doc.getElementById(targetId),
isShowed = this.getData(wrap,'status');
this.placeholder = this.getData(wrap,'placeholder');

if (this.lastId==null) {
this.generateReplyForm(()=>{
this.insertReplyForm(wrap);
});
}else{
if (this.lastId==wrap.id) {
this.toggleReplyForm(wrap,isShowed)
}else{
this.removeReplyForm(()=>{
this.insertReplyForm(wrap);
this.toggleReplyForm(wrap,isShowed)
});
}
}
break;
default:
}
}

let keyUpHandler = (e)=>{
e.preventDefault();
let target = e.target;
let itemName = this.getData(target,'name');
let v = target.value.trim();
switch (itemName) {
case 'nick':
localStorage.setItem(CONFIG.lsPrefix+'nick', v);
break;
case 'email':
localStorage.setItem(CONFIG.lsPrefix+'email', v);
break;
case 'link':
localStorage.setItem(CONFIG.lsPrefix+'link', v);
break;
default:
break;
}
}

doc.body.addEventListener('click',clickHandler,false);
Jnick.addEventListener('keyup',keyUpHandler,false);
Jemail.addEventListener('keyup',keyUpHandler,false);
Jlink.addEventListener('keyup',keyUpHandler,false);
}
}
win.CMT = CMT;
})(window,document);

其他

把手头的活干完, 再继续完善Todo吧

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